History of Colca Canyon

The first people to live in the Colca Canyon were the Collagua and Cabana cultures. These people were farmers and lived in the canyon for hundreds of years. They developed terraces to farm on the steep slopes of the canyon. In the 15th century, the Incas conquered the area and made it part of their empire. The Incas built Inca Trails and bridges in the canyon. They also built aqueducts to bring water from the Colca River to their cities.

The Spanish conquest of Peru began in 1533. The Spanish conquistadors destroyed many of the Inca buildings in the canyon. They also brought disease and violence to the area. The Colca Canyon was largely unknown to outsiders until the 20th century. In 1912, an American explorer named Hiram Bingham visited the canyon. He wrote about his adventures, which helped to make the Colca Canyon famous. Today, thousands of tourists visit the Colca Canyon every year. They come to see its beautiful scenery and to learn about its long history.

Geography of the Canyon

The Colca Canyon is located in the Andes mountain range in Peru. It is one of the deepest canyons in the world, with a depth of over 3,000 meters (9,800 feet). The canyon is home to a variety of plant and animal life, as well as several indigenous communities. The Colca Canyon was formed over millions of years by the erosion of the Andes mountains.

Flora and Fauna

Colca Canyon is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. The canyon is home to over 100 species of birds, including the Andean condor, and a variety of mammals, such as llamas, alpacas, and vicuñas. The canyon is also home to several plant species, including the native cactus.

Weather

In the Colca Canyon, the weather is generally warm during the day and cool at night. It can sometimes be pretty windy, especially in the higher parts of the canyon. There is little rainfall in the gorge, but it can cause flash floods when it does rain.

How to get to colca canyon from Arequipa?

If driving to Colca Canyon, you must take the Pan-American Highway north from Arequipa. The trip up to Colca Canyon generally takes around 3 1/2 hours by public bus, crossing the high Andean Plateau, reaching its highest point of 4,800 meters (15,800 feet)--so be careful about elevation and the cold--at Mirador de Los Volcanes, which offers beautiful views of multiple volcanoes towering over 6,000 meters (20,600 feet). It is possible to complete a Colca Canyon trek in only one day, so you can see the highlights -- Sangalle Oasis, located at the base - and get back to Arequipa before nightfall. It is important to note that you will need to spend one night in Cabanaconde to be able to do the Colca Canyon Trek in a single day.

Chivay is the center of Colca Canyon, 160km outside of Arequipa. Most visitors want to use La Calera hot springs, located three kilometers outside the city. Roads run down the Colca Valley of the town of Chivay, with villages scattered throughout most of the path. The Colca rivers remotest source is accessible from Colca Canyon by way of Theth, a one-day hike to a spring 5,120 meters (16,800 feet) high, where Mismi snow melt pours off the cliffside. The Colca river and valley were known to the Incas and their precursors. The Spanish established towns in the valley, doubtless planning to use Rio Colca Valley as their way into Cuzco and other Andean locations.

Accommodation

Several accommodations are available in Colca Canyon, from simple hostels and guesthouses to more luxurious hotels. Most of the housing is located in the towns of Chivay and Yanque, the main tourist hubs in the canyon.

For those looking for a budget-friendly option, there are several hostels and guesthouses in both Chivay and Yanque. These typically offer basic rooms with shared bathrooms; some also have dormitory-style accommodations. Prices start at around $10 per night.

If you're after something a bit more comfortable, there are several hotels in both Chivay and Yanque. These vary in price and amenities, but most offer private rooms with en-suite bathrooms and features such as swimming pools, restaurants, and bars. Prices start at around $50 per night.

What to see inside the Colca Canyon?

Mirador de la Cruz del Condor

The Mirador de la Cruz del Condor is an unmissable stop, as it offers an impressive panoramic view of the Colca Canyon. From this point, you will also be able to observe the majestic flight of the Andean condor and understand why it was one of the most revered birds by the Incas.

To increase your chances of witnessing this spectacular flight, we recommend visiting very early in the morning, between 7:00 and 8:00 a.m.

Keep in mind that during the months of September and October it is less likely to see condors in flight, as this is their nesting season.

Andean communities of the Colca Valley

In the Colca Canyon there are 14 Andean towns full of history, traditions and unique landscapes. Some of the most representative are Yanque, Achoma, Maca, Pinchollo, Cabanaconde, Coporaque, Ichupampa, Lari, Madrigal and Chivay.

These towns, although small, offer visitors the opportunity to explore colonial churches, admire Inca agricultural terraces and participate in traditional festivities that preserve the ancestral spirit of the Andes.

The following are some of the most outstanding villages:

Yanque

Located just 8 kilometers from Chivay, Yanque is a classic stop on Colca tours. It is a quiet town, with a beautiful square and the colonial-style church of the Immaculate Conception. Here you can also see traditional dances and find some local handicraft stalls.

Maca

In Maca stands out the church of Santa Ana, where you can see altarpieces decorated with mirrors and gold leaf. In addition, the town has a small handicraft market where you can buy typical products of the region.

Pinchollo

The Plaza de Armas and the church of San Sebastian are the main attractions of Pinchollo. Many excursions to the Colca Canyon start from here, including routes that allow you to observe a geyser and the imposing Hualca Hualca volcano. Nearby is the Mirador de Antahuilque, which offers one of the most impressive views of the canyon.

Cabanaconde

Cabanaconde is one of the most important towns in the Colca Valley. It is the last village of the tour and the starting point to descend into the canyon. From here start many trekking routes that take you to the heart of the valley, such as the descent to the oasis of Sangalle.

Things to Do

1. Hike the Colca Canyon
The Colca Canyon is a great place to hike and explore. There are plenty of trails to follow, and the scenery is stunning. Be sure to wear proper footwear and bring plenty of water.

2. Visit the hot springs
There are several hot springs located near the Colca Canyon. These are a great way to relax and rejuvenate after a long day of hiking. Be sure to ask for directions, as some springs can be difficult to find.

3. Go tubing down the river
One of the best ways to experience the Colca Canyon is by floating down the river on a tube. This is an excellent activity for all ages and can be done with a group or alone. Be sure to bring life jackets and follow all safety guidelines.

4. Explore the ruins
There are several ruins located in and around the Colca Canyon. These are a great way to learn about the area's history and see some fantastic architecture that once existed here. Be sure to bring your camera, as these ruins are genuinely breathtaking.

5. See the flight of the condors in Colca Canyon

If you want to witness the majestic flight of the Andean condors, you should go very early in the morning to the Mirador de la Cruz del Condor. This is one of the best places to see them soar through the sky, taking advantage of the thermal currents of the canyon.

Don't forget to bring your camera to capture this unforgettable natural spectacle.

6. Visit the Andean communities of the Colca

Around the Colca Canyon you will find several Andean communities that invite you to learn about their customs, traditions and way of life.

Visiting these villages is a unique opportunity to connect with the local culture and appreciate the warmth of its people, as well as enjoy their gastronomy, handicrafts and rural landscapes.

Curiosities of the Colca Canyon 

• It is the fourth deepest canyon in the world, and it imposes itself with its impressive landscapes and its natural wealth.
• The Colca Canyon is deeper than the Grand Canyon of Arizona.
• It is home to an impressive biodiversity: more than 100 species of birds, more than 300 types of plants and more than 30 varieties of cacti.
• Its highest point is the snow-capped Ampato, which reaches 6,388 meters above sea level.
• It is home to the majestic Andean condor, one of the largest flying birds in the world.
• The Andean condor can weigh up to 12 kilos and reach a wingspan of 3 meters.
• The Colca Canyon is named after the Colca River, which crosses it from end to end.
• It is surrounded by volcanoes such as Sabancaya and Ampato (the mummy Juanita was found in this volcano).

When to Go

The Colca Canyon is a beautiful place to visit all year round, but the best time to go is from May to September. This is because the weather is dry and sunny, and the temperatures are warm (but not too hot). It can be pretty rainy and cold in the canyon from October to April, so it's not ideal for hiking or visiting the hot springs.

Entrance tickets to the Colca Canyon

 To enter the Colca Canyon you need to purchase the Colca Valley Tourist Ticket, which allows you to visit several areas of the valley and its surroundings. 

This ticket has different rates according to the type of visitor: 

Rates: 

* Important: Children under 5 years old do not pay entrance

What places does the Colca Valley Tourist Ticket include? 

With this ticket you can visit the following places: 

• Colca Valley: It includes the towns located around the canyon: Tisco, Sibayo, Callalli, Tuti, Coporaque, Chivay, Yanque, Ichupampa, Achoma, Maca, Lari, Madrigal, Tapay, Cabanaconde, Huambo, Huanca, Lluta, San Antonio de Chuca, Caylloma and Majes.
• Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve: Located between the provinces of Arequipa and Caylloma, this reserve protects important high Andean ecosystems and is home to species such as the vicuña and the parina.
• Valley of the Volcanoes: Located in the districts of Andagua, Chachas and Ayo, in the province of Castilla, Arequipa. This area is famous for its unique volcanic landscape in the world.

Important: The tourist ticket does not include admission to: 

• La Calera hot springs
• Uyo Uyo archaeological complex 

Where can I buy the Colca Tourist Ticket? 

Currently, it cannot be purchased online, but you can purchase it at the following places: 

Arequipa - Autocolca Tourist Information Office

• Address: Portal de la Municipalidad N°112 (Plaza de Armas)
• Hours: Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. 

Chivay 

• Address: Interpretation Center / Ticket Control (Entrance to Chivay)
• Hours: Monday to Sunday from 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. 

* Ticket validity: The Colca Valley Tourist Ticket is valid for 7 days from the time of purchase.

Altitude sickness in Colca Canyon and how to avoid it 

The Colca Canyon is located at an altitude that varies between 2,900 and 4,500 meters above sea level, so it is not surprising that many travelers experience altitude sickness. 

Symptoms can vary from person to person. For some, it manifests only as a slight headache and dizziness that disappear with acclimatization. However, others may be more affected and require oxygen or medical attention. 

Therefore, we recommend that you take it easy on your hikes and give yourself time to acclimatize properly. Here are some recommendations to prevent or cope with altitude sickness: 

1. Take it easy the first few days: Avoid running or intense efforts at the beginning to allow your body to adapt.
2. Hydrate constantly: Water helps you compensate for the lack of oxygen and feel better faster.
3. Chew coca leaves or drink coca tea: This plant traditionally used by Andean people helps alleviate the symptoms of altitude sickness.
4. Take pills for altitude sickness and, if necessary, an oxygen balloon: Consult your doctor before the trip to evaluate your condition and indicate if you need to carry additional oxygen. 

Preparing ahead of time and listening to your body will make a difference in your Colca experience.

Tips for Travellers

When traveling to the Colca Canyon, there are a few things to remember to make the most of your trip. Here are some tips for travelers:

1. Plan ahead: Booking accommodations and tours ahead of time will help you get better prices and ensure availability.
2. Be physically prepared: The hikes can be demanding, so make sure you are in good physical condition
3. Pack a backpack suitable for hiking: Include the essentials: medications, painkillers, flashlight, toilet paper and a portable charger for your cell phone.
4. Protect your skin: Bring sunscreen, hat and sunglasses, as the sun at altitude can be very strong.
5. Wrap up warm: Although Arequipa is a warm city, in the Colca Canyon temperatures drop at night and at dawn. Bring warm clothes.
6. Bring your identification documents: You will need your passport or official document to buy the entrance ticket.
7. Have local money on hand. Many places only accept cash payments. Bring Peruvian soles for snacks, drinks or souvenirs.
8. Don't forget insect repellent: Especially if you are traveling in high season, insects can be a nuisance
9. Be prepared for hot springs: If you plan to enjoy them, pack sandals and a bathing suit.
10. Take out travel insurance: Being covered will give you peace of mind.

Safety

When traveling to Colca Canyon, it is essential to know the potential dangers. The canyon is home to many dangerous animals, including snakes and spiders. There have also been reports of people being attacked by wild dogs.

It is essential to be cautious when hiking in the canyon. Stay on marked trails, and do not wander off alone. Be sure to wear appropriate footwear and clothing, and bring plenty of water.

If you plan to camp in the canyon, choose a safe campsite away from cliffs or bodies of water. Ensure your tent is securely anchored; never leave food or garbage in the open.

Recommendations

If you're looking for a unique natural wonder to explore during your time in Peru, Colca Canyon should be high on your list! This incredible canyon is one of the deepest in the world and offers stunning views, plenty of hiking opportunities, and a chance to see some fantastic wildlife. Here are our recommendations for making the most of your time in Colca Canyon.

First, give yourself plenty of time to explore the canyon. It's easy to underestimate how big it is, but with a depth of over 10,000 feet, it's worth taking your time to wander around and take in all the sights.

Second, don't miss the chance to go hiking! There are plenty of trails of varying difficulty levels, so there's something for everyone. Even if you're not an experienced hiker, we recommend at least doing a short hike to get a taste of what this fantastic place has to offer.

Finally, keep your eyes peeled for some of the wildlife that calls Colca Canyon home. The most famous residents are the Andean condors, but you might also spot llamas, alpacas, vicunas, eagles, and more!

Sites near the Colca Canyon to visit 

Uyo Uyo Archaeological Complex 

Explore one of the most important settlements of the Collagua culture, located only 2.5 km from Yanque. At more than 3,500 meters above sea level, this complex shows urban, agricultural and ceremonial sectors, with water channels and an ancient astronomical clock that reveal the advanced engineering of its inhabitants. 

The Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve 

Admire high Andean landscapes and observe vicuñas, flamingos and tarucas in this enormous reserve of more than 360,000 hectares. From here, you also enjoy spectacular views of the Misti, Chachani and Ubinas volcanoes. 

The viewpoint of the volcanoes 

Stop at the highest point between Arequipa and the Colca Canyon, at 4,800 m.a.s.l., and contemplate the imposing Ampato, Sabancaya and Hualca Hualca volcanoes. This viewpoint offers one of the most unforgettable landscapes of the tour. 

Mucurca Lagoon

Discover this beautiful lagoon at 4,350 m.a.s.l., very close to Cabanaconde. From its shores, enjoy the direct view of the Sabancaya volcano and let yourself be enveloped by the natural environment that offers peace and silence.

The thermal baths of La Calera 

Relax in these hot springs located only 3 km from Chivay. Their mineral properties, such as calcium and zinc, relieve muscle pain and offer you a moment of total wellness while you enjoy the pure air of the valley. 

The fortress of Chimpa 

Tour this ancient stone construction erected by the Collaguas in the district of Madrigal. From the top of the fortress, contemplate the panoramic views of the Colca Canyon and traditional villages such as Cabanaconde and Tapay. 

Pictures of the Colca Canyon

Frequently Asked Questions 

How far is the Colca Canyon from Arequipa?

The Colca Canyon is about 160 kilometers from the city of Arequipa. By car, the trip takes approximately 3 to 4 hours. 

Is the Colca Canyon worth it?

Yes, the Colca Canyon is totally worth a visit. It offers wonderful and breathtaking landscapes that will take your breath away.

In addition, it allows you to learn about the history and culture of the native peoples such as the Collaguas and the Cabanas, ethnic groups that have inhabited the area since 5000 BC.

During your visit, you will see people dressed in traditional costumes selling traditional handicrafts, which adds an authentic and cultural touch to the experience.

And, of course, one of the most impressive moments is watching the majestic flight of the Andean condor from the Mirador de la Cruz del Condor. It is a unique experience that combines nature, culture and history in one place.

Exploring the Colca Canyon is not only an encounter with nature, but also with the living history of its people. 

How to visit the Colca Canyon? 

To visit the Colca Canyon, you can choose to do it on your own or join an organized tour.

Most tours depart from the city of Arequipa and include transportation, lodging and guide. 

There are options ranging from one-day tours to more complete two- or three-day experiences, ideal for exploring this natural wonder in greater depth. 

How deep is the Colca Canyon?

The Colca Canyon reaches a depth of more than 3,400 meters, making it one of the deepest canyons in the world. 

Can I do trekking on my own in the Colca Canyon?

Yes, you can consider this possibility if you are an experienced trekker, as there have been cases of tourists, both foreign and domestic, who have been lost in this area.

What currency is used in Peru?

The official currency in Peru is the sol (S/.). 

In some tourist destinations they accept dollars and credit cards, but this is more common in cities such as Cusco.

In Arequipa, the Peruvian sol predominates, so it is important to be prepared to pay with the local currency.

What can I try in the Colca Canyon?

Arequipa's gastronomy is varied and delicious, but it stands out for its spicy dishes. 

Some of the dishes you can try are: 

• Rocoto relleno
• Adobo arequipeño
• Cuy Chaqtado
• Soup of Queso Arequipeño
• Solterito de Queso

Are there special prices with the Colca tourist ticket?

 Yes, there are special prices. Foreigners residing in Peru and foreigners volunteering within the jurisdiction of Autocolca pay only 20 soles for the tourist ticket. 

Remember to bring your foreigner's ID card or document proving your volunteer work to access this benefit.